#16: Subsurface Irrigation in the Middle East – Qanats
The qanat, an ancient water system developed in Iran around 3,000 years ago, used underground tunnels and vertical shafts to transport water from aquifers to the surface without the need for pumping. Qanats were especially effective in hot, dry regions, as they minimized water evaporation, making them ideal for arid climates and resistant to natural and man-made disasters.
